Summary Many performance claims advertised were not supported by published research studies. In some instances, we found no research to validate the claims; in other cases, research findings were extrapolated to inappropriate applications. For example, biological functions of some non-essential compounds were interpreted as performance claims for the supplements. Claims for others were based on their ability to enhance hormonal release or activity. We suggest that more research be conducted on this group of athletes and their nutritional needs. Furthermore, the effectiveness and safety of supplements merit further investigation. -------- Supplements and ergogenic aids for athletes have been described and evaluated in several articles (Bucci 1989; Coyle, 1984; Rosenbloom et al, 1992; Williams 1983, 1984, 1991). As practitioners, however, we find some supplements that are not listed or evaluated. The advertised claims for these supplements present a significant challenge because their validity is difficult to ascertain, and reference to appropriate research is unavailable. We are particularly interested in supplements used by bodybuilders. On a competitive level, bodybuilders are judged on the basis of muscularity, symmetry or proportion, and visual presentation (International Federation of Bodybuilders 1987). These are accomplished by selective training of different muscles and muscle groups, a reduction in body fat and other practices such as modifications in diet or supplement intake. Generally, bodybuilders train for muscular size and refinement during the offseason and reduce body fat for several weeks or months before competition (Elliot et al. 1987; Hickson et al. 1990). Supplement use by bodybuilders has been mentioned in several reports (Bazzarre et al. 1990; Faber et al. 1986; Hickson et al. 1990; Katch et al. 1980; Kleiner et al. 1989, 1990; LamarHildebrand et al. 1989; Sandoval et al. 1989), but has not been systematically studied or described. The objectives of the present article are to describe the commercially available supplements targeted towards these athletes and to review existing research regarding their effectiveness. We preface our review with a survey of commercially available supplements and their advertised performance claims. Originally appearing in Sports Medicine 15(2) 90-103. 1993. Copyright © 1993 by Adis International Limited. All rights reserved. Reprinted by Mesomorphosis with permission. Any duplication of this document by electronic or other means is strictly prohibited. |
