The Rodney Philon case is one illustration of the disparity in federal sentencing for anabolic steroid related crimes. Pasco County Sheriff’s Department Deputy Rodney Philon decided to share 10 tablets of Dianabol (methandrostenolone) with a fellow weightlifter at a Tampa Bay area gym; unfortunately the weighlifter was a DEA confidential informant. A SWAT team was sent to arrest Rodney Philon at his home, federal prosecutors indicted Philon of steroid distribution charges, and Rodney Philon was ultimately sentenced to 2 years probation with a requirement of 6 months home detention. All for 10 tablets of Dianabol.
Two amateur bodybuilders told a federal judge about the widespread use of anabolic steroids in competitive bodybuilding. They explained to District Judge Richard Schell that all competitive bodybuilders use anabolic steroids including one of the most famous bodybuilders in the history of the sport – Arnold Schwarzenegger (”Two sentenced for roles in steroids ring run by Plano bodybuilder David Jacobs,” September 5).
“I felt like I did what I had to do,” Mr. Smith said. “Any person you see on stage in those competitions, even [California] governor [Arnold] Schwarzenegger, you can’t get to that size naturally. There’s not one of those people up there who doesn’t take performance enhancing drugs. I got wrapped up in the sport.”
[...]
“I had to do it to be competitive in the sport,” [Jamie Mongeau] told the judge. “I’ve taken responsibility for what I’ve done. I’ll never go that way again.”
Judge Schell advised Brandon Smith to find another hobby to pursue instead of bodybuilding.
The popular assumption is that David Jacobs’ testosterone levels were significantly elevated based on a reported testosterone/epitestosterone ratio (T:E ratio) value of 22:1 in his official autopsy report. Are we correct to make this assumption?
I have been corresponding with Jason Trahan of the Dallas Morning News to reach a better understanding of the T:E ratio and what it really means. I felt Trahan’s interpretation of the T:E ratio was misleading.
Mr. Jacobs had more than five times the amount of testosterone in his system than allowed by standard sports testing.
The T:E ratio was indeed over five times the 4:1 ratio permitted by the World Anti-Doping Agency. But Jacobs did NOT have five times the normal levels of testosterone in his body. And Jacobs did NOT have five times the normal level of testosterone glucuronide (TG) in his urine either.
Does the David Jacobs’ T:E ratio provide evidence of seriously elevated testosterone levels?
Jason Trahan of the Dallas Morning News contacted me today with the autopsy and toxicology results for convicted steroid dealer David Jacobs. The report revealed that David Jacobs was using Deca Durabolin (nandrolone decanoate) and Testosterone when he committed the murder-suicide. This was not a major surprise since authorities discovered a significant quantity of anabolic steroids at his home in June 2008.
Nandrolone, 19-norandrosterone, and 19-noretiocholanolone metabolites were present in the urinalysis; a testosterone:epitestosterone ratio (T:E ratio) revealed a ratio of 22:1 with testosterone glucuronide (TG) and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG) levels of 270 ng/ml and 12.2 mg/ml, respectively. The T:E ratio of 22:1 and the TG level of 270 ng/ml are both putative evidence of exogenous testosterone usage. Read more
Convicted steroid dealer David Jacobs killed IFBB pro figure competitor Amanda Savell in a murder-suicide; the scenario was likely fueled by jealousy over her relationship with NFL football player Matt Lehr according to the Dallas Morning News. Matt Lehr admitted deep feelings in his relationship with Savell (”Jealousy may have led steroids dealer David Jacobs to kill ex-girlfriend and himself,” July 13).
“She was in love with me, and I loved her,” Mr. Lehr, 29, said in a recent interview, acknowledging for the first time his relationship with Amanda Earhart-Savell, a 30-year-old professional figure competitor and fitness magazine cover girl who also had dated Mr. Jacobs on and off since last year.
We extend our sincerest sympathies and condolences to Matt Lehr and her family and friends for their loss.
David Jacobs, the convicted steroid dealer that murdered his ex-girlfriend and then committed suicide, continues to take people down posthumously. The lawyer for NFL football player Ryan Fowler, a linebacker for the Tennessee Titans, suspects his client faces suspension based on a so-called non-analytical positive arising from information provide by David Jacobs to the NFL. Jacobs previously publicly identified former Dallas Cowboys football player Matt Lehr as purchaser of anabolic steroids and human growth hormone.
I spoke with Bob Johnson of Posedown Magazine Saturday night at the 2008 NPC Lone Star Classic in Plano, Texas; he told me Jacobs behavior and actions were not a big surprise. Last night, Johnson told Jason Trahan of the Dallas Morning News that he is not surprised that Jacobs is hurting people in death as he did in life (”Plano steroids trafficker told newspaper he supplied Cowboys player,” June 10).
“I don’t believe anything Jacobs said. He died the way he lived his life – always taking somebody down with him.”
There is the likely possibility that David Jacobs could take down several more people posthumously. Before he died, he identified many names of individuals who allegedly purchased anabolic steroids from him; he shared the information with prosecutors, journalists, bloggers, and others who asked him about his involvement in steroid distribution. Earlier this year, Jacobs had told the Dallas Morning News that he sold anabolic steroids to football player Ryan Fowler.
Mr. Jacobs spoke to The News about his dealings with Mr. Fowler with the understanding that some details not be immediately published. After his death and after Mr. Fowler’s attorney linked the league’s action to Mr. Jacobs, The News decided to make some of the information public.
Mr. Jacobs said that with his help, Mr. Fowler, who played in Dallas from 2004 to 2006, went from making $400,000 as a Cowboy to signing a four-year, $11.5 million contract with the Titans, where he was a starting linebacker last season.
“After he got his big contract, he came back, knocked on my door and hugged me,” Mr. Jacobs said. “He said, thanks, I just got $12 million.”
Mr. Jacobs also divulged this information to federal prosecutors over the last year.
In addition, he turned over text messages, e-mails and other evidence of his dealings with Mr. Fowler and other players to the NFL in recent weeks in an attempt to “clean up” the game.
Jacobs showed no reluctance dropping names of “steroid customers” when I interviewed him earlier this year. There is no reason to suspect that he did not share the same information with prosecutors.
They asked me about a few people. They asked me about ********* and they ask me about *********. And for obvious reasons, I was in magazines and videos with them and everything like that so there was a very clear link and association. And they ask me straight up, “Has ********* ever been involved in distributing steroids?” And I said absolutely not, not in any way. As a matter of fact, he has been very adamant and not ever being involved in any of it. He has a good contract, he has an export business, and he has his own gym. The guy wouldn’t even need to think about doing anything like that. He is making great money on his own. Then they just said ‘ok.’ And that was the first and last time they ever asked about him.
[...]
If I were to tell them every single person that I sold steroids to, then half the IFBB would go away. That would just be ridiculous. That’s why people who know me and know who are my friends are and who I have been involved with, that’s why they still stand by me and say thanks for being strong and being cool because… As you can see ********** hasn’t been arrested. As you can see, ********* and *********, and all these other guys they haven’t been arrested. Nothing has happened to them.
[...]
I think ********* and ********* and ********* and ********* and all these guys who have not been brought in or anything like that attests to the fact that they are not targeting bodybuilders. And not only that, it attests to the fact that I didn’t do anything or say anything to get them in trouble.
The Dallas Morning News continues with their breaking coverage of murder-suicide of convicted steroid dealer David Jacobs and Amanda Jo Savell. Police arriving at the scene of the tragedy discovered significant quantities of anabolic steroids at the residence of David Jacobs (”Steroid trafficker David Jacobs’ death is ruled a suicide,” June 7)
Authorities seized from his Plano home 146 vials of steroids, a plastic jar containing suspected steroids and three jars of clear liquid believed to contain steroids, according to court records obtained Friday by The Dallas Morning News.
This evidence (especially if accompanied by a toxicology report confirming recent steroid use by Jacobs) will set the stage for the media to sensationalize anabolic steroids as the drugs that “caused” the homicide and subsequent suicide much like they did in the Chris Benoit murder-suicide. Jacobs supposedly was mandated to submit to 5-6 drug tests every month; certainly federal agents would test for steroids.
I hope journalists researching this case will read the article “Chris Benoit Tragedy – Anabolic Steroids, Aggression & Violence” by Jack Darkes, PhD for a research-based review of steroids and aggression along with a warning about the danger singling out steroids as the culprit.
Ghastly acts such as the Benoit case are rare and, as science would predict, their association with AAS use is virtually non-existent. Many other characteristics are far more predictive of such events. It cannot be said with certainty whether AAS contributed to this tragedy or not. If they were involved, AAS were not a sole contributor but part of a larger set of characteristics and circumstances. There is no scientific evidence to suggest that AAS alone caused this behavior and they are obviously not necessary for such events to occur. The evidence does suggest that most AAS users do not become aggressive. Nonetheless, science will, at best, play a small part in society’s verdict on Benoit and AAS in this tale and it will be another instance where a drug is linked to a heinous act by association and, therefore, the untested popular notions that dominate the headlines today will be reinforced.
During my meeting with Don Hooton and Steve Smith of the Taylor Hooton Foundation yesterday, Mr. Hooton told me the breaking Jacobs/Savell case in his hometown of Plano kept him busy fielding calls seeking his reaction to the tragedy; it was particularly troubling for Hooton that one of the largest steroid dealers in the country lived only minutes from his house. (For the record, Mr. Hooton graciously ignored these calls during our 90-minute meeting which focused on finding common ground in efforts to minimize and prevent steroid use in adolescents.)
As far as the connection between steroids and the David Jacobs murder-suicide, I hope the media is sufficiently resourceful to also seek reaction from researchers like Dr. Jack Darkes at the University of South Florida who have a specialized academic interest in anabolic steroids and aggression to provide additional voices to the discussion.
The deaths of convicted steroid dealer David Jacobs and Amanda Savell have been officially ruled a murder suicide. But the Plano Police Department fucked up made a mistake by failing to pass the investigation over to an independent agency.
Why was this the obvious call?
It gives the appearance of a conflict of interest when Plano Police are investigating the suspicious death of a convicted steroid dealer who could have ratted out police officers who purchased steroids from him not only in the Plano Police Department but also the Dallas, Garland, Richardson and Arlington Police Departments; not only that, but he told practically everyone that Plano P.D. stole $4500 and human growth hormone from him during the April 2007 raid of his residence.
Tanya Eiserer (following up on Jason Trahan’s story) called them out on their conflict of interest in the Dallas Morning News, yet Plano P.D. couldn’t see any reason why they shouldn’t investigate (”Steroid dealer David Jacobs’ death ruled a suicide,” June 6).
“The Plano Police Department will handle this investigation as we do with all of the others,” Plano Officer Andrae Smith said Friday. “The bottom line is there’s no reason to conclude that we shouldn’t investigate this.”
Furthermore, the circumstances of the death, specifically the uncommon case of multiple gunshots in the Jacobs’ suicide, make the death somewhat suspicious even in the absence of a clear conflict of interest by police. The Dallas Morning News reports that David Jacobs “died of two self-inflicted gunshot wounds to his stomach and head.”
How often do suicide victims turn up with multiple gunshot wounds? Steroid Nation found a paper to answer this question - according to the American Journal of Forensic Medical Pathology (1981 Sep;2(3):239-42), approximately 1.6% of firearm suicides have multiple gunshot wounds.
Grits for Breakfast asks what are the odds that an steroid dealer selling steroids to a major police department in Texas AND a pharmacist selling steroids to a major police department in New York both committing suicide with multiple gunshot wounds before they testify against any police officers (”Informant who accused Metroplex police of steroid use turns up dead,” June 6).
A similar case involving NYPD in January caught my eye, and made me wonder just how deep the rabbit hole goes regarding steroid use in law enforcement. A pharmacist set to testify against NYPD police was found shot to death. As I pointed out previously, “his case was ruled a suicide, despite ‘gunshot wounds to the chest and head.’” Reacting to this news, I’d wondered “Have you ever heard of a suicide with two shots to the chest and the head? If the guy accusing Roger Clemens turned up dead under these circumstances, do you think there’d be a bigger media hoopla than the one-day story in passing that constituted coverage of this pharmacist’s death?”
Now we’ve seen informants accusing police of steroid use at two of the largest police departments in the country turn up shot to death within months of one another under suspicious circumstances before they could testify.
Maybe it’s a coincidence. Maybe both cases were suicides, or perhaps one or both were killed by non-police customers or suppliers. I’m not so much speculating about likelihoods as acknowledging a dark, unhappy, but seemingly inescapable hunch. I’d certainly feel better if the FBI or somebody outside Plano PD took over the task of investigating David Jacob’s’ death.
The Plano Police Department should have learned from the “suspicious-looking” suicide in the Lowen’s Pharmacy steroid case.
The family, friends and loved ones of the deceased need some sort of closure in this tragedy. But the poor judgment exercised in the investigation of this case by the Plano P.D. will only provide fodder for conspiracy theorists to keep this story alive indefinitely.
I write this early Friday morning from the South Fork Hotel in Plano, Texas where a disconcerting convergence of steroid and bodybuilding-related events has materialized within a 15 mile radius.
Fifteen miles away is the Magnolia Theatre, the Mark Cuban owned venue where the Texas box office premiere of the steroid documentary “Bigger Stronger Faster*” featuring a segment with Plano’s Don Hooton takes place on Friday.
Six miles away is the Starbucks where I am having coffee with Don Hooton of the Taylor Hooton Foundation later this morning.
Five miles away is the Honey Creek Lane home of convicted steroid dealer David Jacobs where both David Jacobs and IFBB fitness pro Amanda Savell were found dead in an apparent murder-suicide less than 24 hours ago.
Two miles away is the Plano Convention Center – the venue for the 2008 NPC Lone Star Classic bodybuilding contest. I am here officially to cover the contest (promoted by Prince Harrison) for Muscletime to get a sneak peak and update on IFBB Pro Victor Martinez who is guest posing Saturday.
The will be a particularly difficult weekend as David Jacobs and Amanda Jo Savell were especially well known within the North Central Texas bodybuilding and fitness community, many of which are coming into town for the show.
Former steroid dealer David Jacobs and IFBB fitness pro Amanda Savell were discovered dead early this morning. It was first reported on Anthony Roberts blog and also reported by John Romano on Muscular Development and Hardbody. I have confirmed it with a close friend of Amanda Jo’s who has spoken with her family and police on the matter. While it was most likely a murder-suicide with Jacobs first shooting his former girlfriend and then turning the gun on himself, police have not ruled out a double homicide.
David Jacobs was one of the largest steroid dealers in the country importing raw steroid powders from China and converting them in an underground lab. David Jacobs was ostracized from the bodybuilding and fitness community due to Jacobs generous plea agreement with prosecutors. In spite of his large-scale steroid distribution ring, Jacobs did not serve jail time and was only sentenced to probation. He has repeatedly denied being a snitch other than publicly naming football player Matt Lehr as a distributor of steroids and growth hormone.
The murder-suicide is a terrible tragedy. It is probably only a matter of time before the media starts to suggest steroid use and roid rage as the culprit behind the tragedy much as they did with Chris Benoit. But I hope the media spends some time to appreciate the “richness of these lives” lost and seek ways to avert future such tragedies. This was best said by Jack Darkes in his review of the Chris Benoit tragedy:
If AAS are blamed and the richness of these lives ignored, then the opportunity to prevent such rare events goes unrealized. Singling out a drug to blame leads to fiery rhetoric, congressional hearings, prohibition and scare tactics; none of these have succeeded in curbing drug use, especially among those at greatest risk for harm. Most AAS users do not experience negative effects and hence distrust the message and the messengers, perhaps most notably among those who should listen. Research has shown this many times. Blaming AAS diverts focus from potential indicators of risk and predictors of harmful outcomes. This is where science might be most helpful in dispelling simplistic notions and in working toward more effective risk identification, targeting of limited resources and reducing associated harms.
Rest in peace.
Three of the seven co-defendants indicted for their role in David Jacobs’ Texas-based steroid distribution network were sentenced today including David Jacobs. All seven co-conspirators have already pleaded guilty. David Jacobs, Amber Jarrell and Matt Williams all received probation along with a monetary fine based on their respective role in the steroid operation (”Plano steroids supplier wants to help clean up NFL,” May 2)
Sentenced Thursday: Mr. Jacobs, 35, ringleader, three years’ probation and a $25,000 fine. Amber Jarrell, 37, of Plano, his former girlfriend, three years’ probation and a $1,000 fine. Matt Williams, 39, of Dallas, who helped bottle and store the steroids, three years’ probation and a $10,000 fine.
Awaiting sentences: Andrew Schenck of Dallas; Juan Carlos Ballivian of Houston; Brandon Mark Smith of the Dallas area; and Jamie Mongeau of Wichita, Kan.
David Jacobs told the Dallas Morning News that now he plans on helping the NFL tackle their unacknowledged steroid problem.
The ringleader of one of the largest steroids trafficking networks in the nation said Thursday after he was sentenced to probation that he plans to meet with the NFL to share his expertise to help “clean up” football.
“I want to help them understand the loopholes, how I was able to help people beat the tests, and how prevalent steroid use is,” Plano bodybuilder David Jacobs said after his sentencing hearing.
He told the New York Times that he has inside knowledge of the rampant steroid use in the NFL and exploitation of loopholes used by football players (”Steroid Maker Says He Taught About N.F.L. Loopholes,” May 2).
Jacobs, a former body builder, said he advised about 10 N.F.L. players on how to exploit loopholes in the league’s drug-testing program. One way, he said, was to have team doctors write them prescriptions for drugs that would mask steroid use…
Jacobs said he advised players, including Lehr, to ask their team doctors to write them prescriptions for finasteride, a drug used to treat balding in young men. Jacobs said a Falcons team doctor wrote Lehr a prescription for the substance.
Now that the leader of one of the largest steroid distribution rings in the country was sentenced to probation along with two other co-conspirators, it seems to confirm that steroid dealers were not the targets of the federal steroid investigation in Texas. It appears that the real targets of the investigation are professional athletes, namely NFL football players with David Jacobs providing the steroids and football link.
Will David Jacobs represent the NFL’s BALCO?
The steroid source at the center of a major federal steroid investigation in Texas has, for the first time, publicly named NFL football player Matt Lehr (currently with the New Orleans Saints) as a customer. Matt Lehr has been a target of the investigation for some time. David Jacobs claims to have sold significant quantities of performance enhancing drugs to Matt Lehr, including anabolic steroids and human growth hormone (”Plano steroids dealer says he sold to former Dallas Cowboys player,” April 27).
Mr. Jacobs, 35, said, “I sold steroids and a significant amount of growth hormone to Matt Lehr.” He said Mr. Lehr’s purchases totaled tens of thousands of dollars from spring 2006 to spring 2007, significantly larger quantities than could be for personal use.
At one point, Mr. Jacobs said, Mr. Lehr agreed to have boxes of raw steroid powder from China shipped to Mr. Lehr’s house in Georgia. Mr. Jacobs said he asked his former friend to do this because too many packages headed to his Plano house were being seized by U.S. Customs.
David Jacobs has previously denied providing federal prosecutors with the names of customers who bought steroids from him stressing that evidence and associations with Lehr were established independent of his cooperation. He has repeatedly been advised by his attorney to avoid publicly naming names. Why did Jacobs name Matt Lehr this weekend?
Mr. Jacobs said he was speaking out now because he was angry about Mr. Coggins’ statements last week to The News.
“We have been told by the prosecutors that they do not intend to bring charges against Matt Lehr in connection with their ongoing steroid investigation,” Mr. Coggins said Wednesday.
“It’s an issue of right and wrong,” Mr. Jacobs said. “I’m taking responsibility for my actions. And I’m not blaming people for my mistakes. I’m not going to lay down while other people attack my character and my integrity and accuse me of extortion and lies and making up information. It’s time for Matt to be a man.”
Paul Coggins, Matt Lehr’s attorney, claims that David Jacobs is providing false information in exchange for prosecutorial leniency in sentencing; Coggins also told the New York Times that Jacobs tried to extort money from Matt Lehr.
“He threatened Matt and said you have to pay my attorney’s fees or I am going to end your career,” Coggins said in a telephone interview on Saturday. He said Lehr met Jacobs when they were bodybuilders.
“Jacobs saw Matt as a guy with a lot of money and Matt declined to pay his fees,” Coggins added.
Coggins, the former United States attorney for the Northern District of Texas, said he had represented Lehr for three months. “We are confident that the more the feds look at Jacobs, the less credible of a source of information he becomes,” Coggins said.
It will be interesting to see how Matt Lehr’s attorney responds to David Jacobs’ latest allegations along with evidence of significant financial links between Lehr and Jacobs.
Jason Trahan and Gary Jacobson of the Dallas Morning News continue their excellent coverage of the federal steroid investigation in North Texas with a review of the rise and fall of one of the largest steroid distribution ring in the country.
The review article profiles steroid dealer David Jacobs and his introduction to anabolic steroids, his integration into the bodybuilding scene, his networking with pro football players, his decision to import and manufacture anabolic steroids, his steroid bust, the dismantling of the Texas steroid network, and his ostracism from the bodybuilding community (”Plano resident’s steroid distribution ring was one of the largest in U.S.,” April 24).
I recommend reading the complete article for a better understanding of the chronology and scope of the Texas steroid investigation. Below are a few excerpts.
David Jacobs’ decision to manufacture and distribute anabolic steroids:
At Lewisville Lake’s Party Cove one weekend, he met his first pro bodybuilder, Art Atwood. The two became friends, and Mr. Atwood helped train the up-and-coming rookie.
Both men were taking steroids, but were unhappy with shoddy Mexican imports.
Mr. Jacobs went online and found a solution: recipes for steroids using raw Chinese powder. Mr. Jacobs soon parlayed his knowledge of Asia, gleaned during his Nokia business trips, into contacts with English-speaking middlemen to the Chinese steroid powder factories.
Sloppy packaging that led to steroid bust:
On March 19, 2007, the United Parcel Service intercepted a soggy package sent from Mr. Jacobs’ Plano home, bound for Wichita, Kan. When officials opened the box, they found a broken glass vial of what turned out to be steroids.
Authorities arrested the man in Kansas who had ordered steroids from Mr. Jacobs, court documents say. Jamie Mongeau, an amateur bodybuilder, told investigators that Mr. Jacobs was his supplier.
Ostracism from bodybuilding community:
Brian Dobson, owner of Arlington’s MetroFlex gym, which produced eight-time Mr. Olympia Ronnie Coleman and where Mr. Jacobs used to train with other bodybuilding friends, said that since his bust, Mr. Jacobs has been ostracized by the bodybuilding community he once serviced.
“A lot of people hate him,” Mr. Dobson said. “To a lot of the other guys who were his buddies, once he got caught, he became the black plague.”
The full text of the article is available on the Dallas Morning News website.
Paul Coggins, the attorney for NFL football player Matt Lehr, announced that federal prosecutors would not indict his client on steroid distribution charges (”Attorney says ex-Cowboy Lehr won’t be indicted; investigators won’t confirm statement,” April 24).
“We have been told by the prosecutors that they do not intend to bring charges against Matt Lehr in connection with their ongoing steroid investigation,” said Paul Coggins in Dallas. “After reviewing the evidence gathered to date, the government reached the right conclusion.”
John Ratcliffe, U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of Texas, which is conducting the investigation, would not confirm Mr. Coggins’ statement.
“We are actively investigating the distribution of illegal steroids and human growth hormone,” he said. “As a matter of policy, we neither identify nor comment upon persons of interest in ongoing investigations.”
A source close to the steroid investigation told MESO-Rx that the steroids and football investigation is far from over. Whether the ongoing investigation involves Matt Lehr remains to be seen.
A federal investigation in North Texas uncovered one of the largest anabolic steroid distribution networks in the country; evidence seized during the course of the investigation allegedly implicated Matt Lehr. According to the Dallas Morning News and New York Times, a grand jury was convened with subpoenas for at least a couple of NFL players (former and active) to testify against Lehr for alleged steroid distribution in the NFL.
One of the co-defendants in the David Jacobs federal steroid investigation claims to have sold personal use quantities of anabolic steroids to Shaun Kelley, owner of Shaun Kelley Weight Control Clinic in Houston (”Suspect says he sold performance-enhancing drugs to clinic tied to Clemens,” April 24).
A co-defendant in the Plano steroids trafficking ring linked to a former Dallas Cowboys player has told investigators that he sold performance-enhancing drugs to Shaun Kelley, proprietor of the Houston weight loss clinic recently linked to baseball great Roger Clemens, according to the co-defendant.
The co-defendant indicated that the quantity sold was for personal use, “two or three vials here and there.” A second source close to the case corroborated the co-defendant’s statements.
The co-defendant told federal investigators in North Texas that he sold steroids to Kelley two months prior to the New York Times story linking Kelley with Roger Clemens.
David Jacobs’ six co-defendants include Amber Jarrell, Matt Williams, Brandon Smith, Juan Carlos Ballivian, Andrew Schenck and Jamie Mongeau.
Law enforcement doesn’t usually pursue personal use steroid cases . But it does not take much to turn a personal use steroid case into a “conspiracy to distribute” steroid case (e.g. 10 tablets of Dianabol).
